The generation of a normal map is a crucial process in 3D graphics, involving the creation of a texture that stores surface orientation information. This texture, when applied to a 3D model, simulates the effect of high-resolution details such as bumps, dents, and fine textures without actually increasing the model’s geometric complexity. For example, a flat wall can appear to have brickwork detail through the application of such a texture, significantly reducing the polygon count required for the same visual effect.
Employing this technique offers substantial advantages in terms of rendering efficiency and performance. By avoiding the need to model intricate details directly, it allows for lighter, faster rendering, particularly beneficial in real-time applications such as video games. Historically, the adoption of these maps has been pivotal in enabling visually rich environments on platforms with limited processing power, paving the way for realistic and immersive experiences.
